Alevel经济学类别课程中有微观经济和宏观经济两个大模块，这是alevel课程体系中非常热门的一门课程，因为它能够衔接金融、会计等热门本科专业。在备考时，很多同学都会为其细碎繁多的知识点而烦恼，并且在alevel经济学考试中需要各位用全英文作答，这也是一大难点。
为帮助大家更好地复习备考，本篇为大家带来的是Alevel宏观经济中重点学习板块——国际收支平衡的内容，更多干货可在本站搜索关键词查看哦，一起来看看吧~
Balance of payments equilibrium 国际收支平衡
In a floating exchange rate the supply of currency will always equal the demand for currency, and the balance of payments is zero.
在浮动汇率中，货币的供应量将永远等于货币的需求量，国际收支为零。
Therefore if there is a deficit on the current account there will be a surplus on the financial/capital account.
因此，如果经常账户出现赤字，金融/资本账户就会出现盈余。
If there was an increase in interest rates this would cause hot money flows to enter the UK, therefore there would be a surplus on the financial account
如果利率上升，这将导致热钱流入英国，因此金融账户将出现盈余。
The appreciation in the exchange rate would make exports less competitive and imports more competitive therefore with fewer exports and more imports there would be a deficit on the current account.
汇率升值将使出口竞争力下降，进口竞争力上升，因此，出口减少，进口增加，经常账户将出现赤字。
Factors affecting the balance of payments 影响国际收支的因素
A current account deficit could be caused by factors such as.
经常账户赤字可能是由以下因素造成的。
The rate of consumer spending on imports. For example, during an economic boom, there will be increased spending and this will cause a deficit on the current account.
消费者在进口方面的开支率。例如，在经济繁荣时期，支出会增加，这将导致经常账户出现赤字。
International competitiveness. If a country experiences higher inflation than its competitors, exports will be less competitive leading to lower demand.
国际竞争力。如果一个国家的通货膨胀率高于其竞争对手，出口的竞争力就会降低，导致需求减少。
Exchange rate. If the exchange rate is overvalued, it makes exports relatively more expensive leading to a deterioration in the current account.
汇率。如果汇率被高估，它使出口相对更昂贵，导致经常账户恶化。
Structure of economy – deindustrialisation can harm the export sector.
经济结构--非工业化会损害出口部门。
Cyclical nature of the current account 经常账户的周期性性质
In the UK, a current account deficit often increases after a period of economic growth. Higher economic growth leads to higher consumer spending and therefore more spending on imports.
在英国，经常账户赤字往往在经济增长期后增加。较高的经济增长会导致更多的消费者支出，因此会有更多的进口支出。
In an economic downturn, spending on imports usually declines leading to a smaller current account deficit.
在经济衰退期，进口支出通常会下降，导致经常账户赤字减少。
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