留学生在写论文时,参考文献的引用非常重要。关于引用的格式,国际上常用的主要芝加哥格式、ApA格式和MLA格式等。下面我们会详细介绍这几种引用格式,以及给大家提供一些实际的引用例子,以供参考。
一、引用形式
1.正文引用+论文末尾参考文献列表
2.尾注or脚注/论文末尾的参考书目
科学以及社科类论文中,比较常用文本引用,人文类等多使用尾注和脚注。
二、如何知道自己该使用什么引用风格?
引用出现的方式取决于你的引用风格,你的引用方式取决于你写作的学科,以及你的作品将在哪里出版或被谁阅读。在校内写作毕业论文的同学,可以直接问导师相关格式要求。
三、不同类型的引用格式示例
1.ApA引用(美国心理学协会)
多用于心理学、教育学、社会科学等领域
eg:Frank,H. (2011). Wolves,Dogs,Rearing and Reinforcement: Complex Interactions Underlying Species Differences in Training and problem-Solving performance. Behavior Genetics,41(6),830-839.
Zhang,J. (2010). The Chinese Dream. Beijing: China Renmin University press.(书籍)
Liu,Y. (2018). The impact of social media on consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing Research,55(2),123-135.(期刊文章)
Wang,Y. (2019). The development of artificial intelligence in China. China Daily. Retrieved on May 10. 2019. from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201905/10/WS5cd4b0f5a3104842260b7e8c.html(网页)
2.芝加哥引用
eg:Frank,H. 2011. "Wolves,Dogs,Rearing and Reinforcement: Complex Interactions Underlying Species Differences in Training and problem-Solving performance." Behavior Genetics 41 (6):830-839.
3.MLA引用(现代语言协会)
多用于人文学科、文学、语言学等领域。
eg:Frank,H. "Wolves,Dogs,Rearing and Reinforcement: Complex Interactions Underlying Species Differences in Training and problem-Solving performance." Behavior Genetics 41.6 (2011): 830-39. print.
Smith,J. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner,2004.(书籍)
Jones,M. “The Influence of Shakespeare on Modern Literature.” Shakespeare Quarterly 65.2 (2014): 123-135.(期刊文章)
Zhang,Y. “The Impact of Mobile Devices on Education.” Education Week. 5 May 2019. Retrieved on 10 May 2019. from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2019/05/05/the-impact-of-mobile-devices-on-education.html(网页)
书中直接引用eg:
来源:Gabriel,R. A. (2001). Gods of Our Fathers: The Memory of Egypt in Judaism & Christianity. Westport,CT,USA: Greenwood press.
期刊文章中的引用eg:
来源:Bradt,J.,potvin,N.,Kesslick,A.,Shim,M.,Radl,D.,Schriver,E.,… Komarnicky-Kocher,L. T. (2015). The impact of music therapy versus music medicine on psychological outcomes and pain in cancer patients: a mixed methods study. Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer,23(5),1261–71.
大家在写论文时需要根据领域和期刊的要求选择合适的格式,如果学校或者教授有特定的格式要求,遵从后者。除了引用正确,还要注意完整性方面,以避免论文查重不过关。格式引用有难题,也可以咨询留求艺留学!