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托福听力出题常考词汇及10大原则

来源: 留求艺2023-10-08 09:42

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对于国内考生来说,想要取得高分,是需要大家了解托福听力评分标准的,大家可以有针对性的进行备考和练习。下面小编为大家整理了托福听力考试的10大做题原则供大家参考。

托福听力出题常考词汇及10大原则

首尾原则

开头:托福听力对话的主题通常是学生找教授或学校服务人员解决某一个问题,学生在对话的开头会直接表明自己的目的。在听力的开头,教授常常指出讲座的主题。因此,对话的开头通常出主旨题。主旨题答案所对应的原文信号词和信号句:

主旨题答案所对应的原文信号词和信号句:

Conversation:

I have a problem/ issue with...

I've got some questions about...

I'm having a hard time...

I am here to talk about/ ask...

The thing is that...

The reason I wanted to talk to you is ...

I'm interested in...

Lecture:

Today/ Now,I'd like to/ I want to talkabout...

Today/ Now,let's look at...

For today's discussion,we'll...

结尾:在听力对话的结尾,教授和学生常会达成结论,因此常出细节题或推断题,问接下来学生或教授会做什么。表示结尾的信号词有:

So,in conclusion,to conclude,we can assume...,conclude that...

建议原则

建议原则主要用于对话中,当教授或学校服务人员给学生提出建议时,常设为出题点。对于这个出题原则的把握,主要还是要熟悉表示建议的句型:

Why not/Why don't you...

You should...

What about/ How about...

You'd better...

I suggest/ recommend...

Have you tried...

定义及概念解释原则

听力讲座中教授常常会介绍新概念,讨论新理论及表达新观点。当教授介绍新概念时,常常用下定义或解释概念的方式。定义或解释常常出现于讲座开始或分论点开始的地方,术语主要出题点。表示下定义的信号词和信号句:

术语在前,解释在后:

...in other words...

...namely...

...as we know...

...is called...

...refers to...

...can be defined as...

...is the word for...

what do I mean by...?

How can we define...?

When I use...,I mean...

解释在前,术语在后:

that is why they are called...

... are(is) known as...

The general definition of... is...

列举及特点原则

就讲座的结构而言教授最常用的讲座方式有两种。一种是横向,分要点或分小项讲解事物、现象或理论;另一种是纵向,按年代或分阶段讲解事件顺序、理论发展或演变过程。在讲解的过程中教授常常列举各要点、小项或各年代、阶段的重要细节尤其是特点。列举要点及小项常用的信号词和信号句有:

There are three kinds of...

We'll be looking at a couple of ways to...

First,let's look at...

My next pint is...

Another thing is that...

Antoher thing we need to discuss is...

比较原则

做比较是常用的一种听力考察方式,尤其是比较事物的优缺点或理论的合理性时。做比较时常用比较级、最高级及一般比较信号词。一般比较信号词有:

表示相似点:

similarly,likewise,like,relatively,the same as,be equal to,...

表示对比或区别:

on the contrary,on the other hand,however,whereas,in comparison to,be different from,rather than,instead of..

列举原则

在举描述或解释的例子时常常出题,答案往往在例子前面的陈述或观点里。因此例子本身不用做详细的笔记,只需要用一两个词标记即可,但是例子之前的陈述或观点是需要做笔记的。表示举例的信号词和信号句有:

For example,...

For instance,...

To examplify,...

To illustrate,...

Like...

Such as...

Take... as an example...

Take something like this,

Let's consider the case of...

有时教授会提及一个例子、故事或经历等表面上和讲座主题没有直接关系的信息,我们称为离题信息,也常常遵循举例原则。表示离题的信号词和信号句:

离题开始:

Before I go on...

By the way...

Let me talk about... for a minute.

I'd like to tell you about...

That reminds me of a story...

离题结束:

Now,Anyway,Okay...

Back to what we are talking about,

Getting back to what I was saying.

I don't want to get too far off topic here.

转折原则

因为转折表明方向发生改变,因此在对话或讲座中出现转折出常常出题。因此凡是对话或讲座中出现转折,均需要记笔记。表示转折的常用信号词:

on the other hand,but,however,yet,eventhough,while,unfortunately,unless,in fact,actually,yet,only,still,nevertheless,whereas,on the contrary...

强调原则

托福听力中表示强调的方式主要有语气强调和语义强调两种。语气强调,就是说话人以重度、停顿和重复等方式表示强调。语义强调,就是说话人以特定句型或表达法表示强调。

Rember,...

Keep in mind,...

Be sure to note that...

Pay special attention to...

I'm gonna repeat this,...

And agian,...

Most importantly,...

Especially,...

Extremely,...

Actually,...

因果原则

对话和讲座都常考因果关系,原因尤其可能称为出题点,因此需要特别注意。表示因果的信号词有:

Result——Reason:

because (of),since,due to,as result of,refulting from,on account of,owing to,be attricuted to...,the reason is....

Reason---Result:

cause,lead to,result in,reason for,brong to/about,give rise to,aim at,in order to,bring on,conduce,induce,make for,with the aim of...,that is why...,as a result...

问题与评价原则

对话和讲座中,当教授提出一个问题或就某一个问题或事件做出评价时,常常出题。表示指出问题的信号词和信号句有:

The main problem is...

There was a question/issue/problem...

It's hard to know/tell/prove that...

It's not clear that...

表示评价的信号词和信号句有:

I think...

I believe...

Humm,...I guess...

The professor/theory says...

It speaks...

It isn't correct to say...

Like I said,there could be...

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